The ideal is to judge a situation, accept the emotion as part of human nature and, we hope, use well-developed habits to confront the fear and allow reason to guide our behavior toward a worthwhile goal." Īccording to Putman, Aristotle is referring to an appropriate level of fear and confidence in courage. Putman states that: "The ideal in courage is not just a rigid control of fear, nor is it a denial of the emotion. In addition, the confidence that is being discussed here is self-confidence confidence in knowing one's skills and abilities and being able to determine when to fight fear or when to flee it. They can be seen as independent variables in courage, and their relationship can affect how we respond to fear. įear and confidence in relation to courage can determine the success of a courageous act or goal. With this realization, Putman concludes that "there is a close connection between fear and confidence". 1.1 Fear and confidence in relation to courageĬharacteristics of courage Fear and confidence in relation to courage Īccording to Professor Daniel Putman, "courage involves deliberate choice in the face of painful or fearful circumstances for the sake of a worthy goal".In the Eastern tradition, the Chinese text Tao Te Ching offers a great deal of thoughts on courage, both physical and moral.
In the Hindu tradition, mythology has given many examples of bravery, valor and courage, with examples of both physical and moral courage exemplified. In the Western tradition, notable thoughts on courage have come from philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, and Kierkegaard, as well as Christian beliefs and texts. The classical virtue of fortitude ( andreia, fortitudo) is also translated "courage", but includes the aspects of perseverance and patience.
Physical courage is bravery in the face of physical pain, hardship, even death, or threat of death while moral courage is the ability to act rightly in the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal, discouragement, or personal loss. Valor is courage or bravery, especially in battle. Courage (also called bravery or valor) is the choice and willingness to confront agony, pain, danger, uncertainty, or intimidation.
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